The more clinically relevant blood pressure (BP) at the heart differs significantly from BP at the upper arm. BP at the heart can only be measured directly through an invasive procedure. This patent provides a simple and non-invasive method of estimating BP at the heart from a non-invasive pulse recording on the wrist.

This patent provides a method to distinguish between low cardiac output and severe organ damage in low BP acute emergencies using arterial pulse recordings. The method is a simple and quick tool to correctly identify the cause of a substantial drop in BP during acute emergency situations using waveform analysis.

This patented method estimates the “gold standard” arterial stiffness indicator, PWV (pulse waveform velocity), from one single arterial pulse recording on the wrist, arm, or finger. This method has the advantage of measuring PWV from one single pulse instead of the usual two-pulse method that requires multiple sensors’ recordings.

Cardiac output is a clinically important parameter in order to assess a patient’s cardiac function and assist in cardiac diagnosis. Known cardiac output measurements require an extensive and invasive procedure. This patent provides a simpler method of estimating cardiac output from a non-invasive arterial pulse recording.

Pacemakers require an adjustment of the time setting based on cardiac ejection period. This patented method uses arterial pulse waveform features to detect the correct ejection period for pacemaker timing. It provides an accurate and easy way to program a pacemaker.

Non-invasively estimating the heart’s pressure and pressure waveform with features related to cardiac function and arterial properties by using a conventional BP cuff inflated to low pressure. The patent provides a non-invasive, simple, and operator-independent tool to clinically diagnose cardiovascular system and estimate risk of having heart disease which otherwise require an invasive procedure. The method in principle can be implemented in BP cuff devices and improve their capability.

Non-invasively estimating the heart’s pressure and pressure waveform with features related to cardiac function and arterial properties by using a conventional BP cuff inflated to different pressure values. The patent provides a non-invasive, simple, and operator-independent tool to clinically diagnose cardiovascular system and estimate risk of having heart disease which otherwise require an invasive procedure. The method in principle can be implemented in BP cuff devices and improve their capability.

Non-invasively estimating heart’s pressure and pressure waveform with features related to cardiac function and arterial properties by using a conventional BP cuff inflated to different pressure values. The patent provides a non-invasive, simple, and operator-independent tool that captures arterial waveform features to clinically diagnose cardiovascular system and estimate risk of having heart disease which otherwise require an invasive procedure. The method in principle can be implemented in BP cuff devices and improve their capability.

Pacemakers require adjustment of the time setting based on a cardiac ejection period. This patented method uses arterial pulse waveform features with a feature from an ECG signal to detect the correct ejection period for pacemaker timing. It provides an accurate and easy way to program a pacemaker.

Pacemakers require adjustment of the time setting based on a cardiac ejection period. This patented method uses features of an arterial pulse waveform with all features from an ECG signal to detect the correct ejection period for pacemaker timing. It provides an accurate and easy way to program pacemaker.

Blood pressure at the arm as measured by a conventional BP cuff device is different from BP measured invasively in the brachial artery at the arm. This patent is a non-invasive method to estimate the more accurate and invasively measured BP by using BP cuff waveform. It can be implemented in BP cuff devices to improve their accuracy.

Non-invasive estimation of pressure at the heart is dependant on a BP cuff device measurement of BP at the arm, which differs from the invasive measurement of BP, thereby producing error in the estimation. This patent reduces the error and improves the accuracy of the non-invasive estimation of BP at the heart, which is more relevant to cardiac function and arterial properties than BP at the arm.

This patent provides a novel method of estimating BP using features from arterial pulse waveform without using a cuff. The method can be implemented on wearable devices.